イギリスで二年以内に裁判所付置ODRが実現する
指宿教授がFBで紹介していたが、The Guardiansが以下のように報じている。
Online court proposed to resolve claims of up to £25,000
この発表をしたCivil Justice Councilというのは、民事裁判所と民事裁判制度の現代化を提案する公的諮問機関であり、 the Civil Procedure Act 1997という法律に基づいて設置されたものだ。
そして上記記事で紹介されている提案内容は、おおよそ以下のようなものだ。
対象は25000ポンド以下の少額紛争で、日本円にすると約470万円以下。
方法は、オンライン上で情報を提示し、請求と反対主張とを対比し、その評価と交渉を行う。ここではeBayやCybersettleのブラインドビットシステムが参考にされている。
そして合意による終結ができなければ、資格ある裁判官による裁定が待っている。
我が国になぞらえて言うならば、簡易裁判所の起訴前の和解と判決とをくみあせたようなシステムを、オンライン上の情報のやり取りによって行うというものだ。
このODRシステムは、女王陛下のオンラインコート(HMOC)と呼ばれる。
報告書はOnline Dispute Resolution (ODR)のページを通じて読むことができる。
PDF報告書全文
以下に、報告書のサマリーを引用しておく。
2.1 Our principal recommendation is that HM Courts & Tribunals Service (HMCTS) should establish a new, Internet-based court service, known as HM Online Court (HMOC). We recommend that HMOC should be a three-tier service.2.2 Tier One of HMOC should provide Online Evaluation.This facility will help users with a grievance to classify and categorize their problem, to be aware of their rights and obligations, and to understand the options and remedies available to them.
2.3 Tier Two of HMOC should provide Online Facilitation. To bring a dispute to a speedy, fair conclusion without the involvement of judges, this service will provide online facilitators. Communicating via the Internet, these individuals will review papers and statements and help parties through mediation and negotiation.They will be supported where necessary, by telephone conferencing facilities.Additionally, there will be some automated negotiation, which are systems that help parties resolve their differences without the intervention of human experts.
2.4 Tier Three of HMOC should provide Online Judges – full-time and part-time members of the Judiciary who will decide suitable cases or parts of cases on an online basis, largely on the basis of papers submitted to them electronically as part of a structured process of online pleading.This process will again be supported, where necessary, by telephone conferencing facilities.
2.5 The establishment of HMOC will require two major innovations in the justice system of England and Wales. The first is that some judges should be trained and authorized to decide some cases (or aspects of some cases) on an online basis.The second innovation is that the state should formally fund and make available some online facilitation and online evaluation services.
2.6 To ensure the implementation of our principal recommendation, we propose three supporting recommendations:
• that HMCTS introduces an ODR stream into its current programme for the reform of civil, family, and tribunal work, and allocates a modest fraction of its £75 million annual reform budget (over five years) for the establishment of HMOC;
• that all political parties offer in-principle support for HMOC, as a viable way of increasing access to justice and reducing the cost of the resolution of civil disputes; and
• that the Civil Justice Council invites the ODR Advisory Group to commence a new phase of work, collaborating with HMCTS and the Judiciary in formally piloting ODR, designing HMOC, and raising awareness of this new approach to the handling of civil disputes.
2.7 Although our terms of reference are restricted to civil claims under the value of £25,000, we believe that that the jurisdiction of HMOC should also be extended to suitable family disputes and to appropriate cases that come before today’s tribunals.
2.8 The remainder of this report expands on the recommendations of this section and on our underlying thinking.
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